May also have abnormally small heads and brains, as well as heart, spine, and other anatomical defects. The work could help support development and approval of an. The process of fetal development starts from fertilization of the ovum till the delivery of the baby. Because of critical periods that exist during prenatal development, it is essential to examine the impact maternal stress may have on both prenatal and postnatal development. What are factor affecting fetal growth and development ppt. If the environment is unsuitable before cellular differentia. The syndromes are distinguished by slow physical growth, facial abnormalities, and brain injury. Fetal alcohol syndrome disorder, also known as fasd, is a condition taken on by a child when there is alcohol exposure during fetal development. Factors influencing fetal growth and development slideshare.
All the major aspects of the growing organism have been formed in the embryonic phase, and now the fetus has approximately six months to go from weighing less than an ounce to weighing an average of 6 to 8 pounds. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings. The interaction of growth factor and receptor induces a specific gene expression within minutes, followed by initiation of dna and or rna synthesis. During each prenatal stage, environmental factors affect the development of the fetus. Fetal growth and development study guide by darbcatalano3 includes 53 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Hormones and growth factors of maternal, fetal, and placental origin regulate nutrient transfer and fetal. Furthermore, it is likely that there are complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors of parental, placental, and fetal origin. Maternal factors, fetal development and pregnancy outcome. Factors affecting fetal growth can be maternal, placental, or fetal. Our purpose was to identify factors affecting fetal growth with birth weight and body composition. Prenatal exposure to a dangerous substance is only. Maternal factors, fetal development and pregnancy outcome 211 frisancho, 2007.
Factors affecting prenatal development essay 1145 words. Prenatal development is defined as, all growth and. Child growth and development pregnancy and prenatal. Factors influencing fetal growth american academy of pediatrics. Chapter 5prenatal factors affecting development highrisk pregnancy involves an expecting mother who has a condition either before or during pregnancy that increases the likelihood her child will have problems before or after birth. It is worthwhile to keep in mind there are several factors that affect the development of a fetus. In humans, a fetus develops from the end of the 8th week of pregnancy when the major structures have formed, until birth. Factors affecting prenatal development by joyce gacho on prezi. What are some factors that make a pregnancy high risk. Dec 17, 2014 this feature is not available right now. Join researchgate to discover and stay uptodate with the latest research from leading experts in fetal development and. Placental weight is an independent determinant of fetal growth and birthweight and modifies the associations between maternal metabolic factors and fetal growth.
Factors influencing fetal growth and birth weight in cattle. Net increase in size mass of tissues or multiplication of cells or increase in intracellular substance. Factors affecting fetal development lady care health. Factors influencing embryonic and fetal development among factors that may affect embryonic development are the quality of the sperm or ovum from which the zygote was formed, the genetic code established at fertilization, and the adequacy of the intrauterine environment.
Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of the special session held during. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about what are factor affecting fetal growth and development ppt. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life, and it is important that the mother receives prenatal care, which is medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus. Fulltext pdf the effects of injections of ovarian follicular hormone on body growth and sexual development of male and female rats. This article aims to examine the factors affecting prenatal development, significantly, before and during pregnancy with respect to the development of a childs personality at later stages of life. Cell cycle g1 gap 1 3 to 12 hours in length respond to cues from the environment external cues growth factors that signal the cell to stay in g1 or continue to through the cell cycle examples of mitogens. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of the special session held during the eighth meeting of the paho advisory committee on medical research, 10 june 1969. Genetic factors contributing to birth weight adc fetal. This list is not meant to be allinclusive, and each pregnancy is different, so. Describe the roles of insulinlike growth factor on fetal growth and development.
As with growth during postnatal life, normal fetal growth undoubtedly reflects the harmony among a multitude of genetic, metabolic, nutritional, hormonal, and environmental factors. Investigation of the role of chromosomes in human fetal growth and development has been mainly devoted to chromosomal abnormality. Pdf maternal factors, fetal development and pregnancy. She takes all possible steps needed for the growth of her baby. Dec, 2017 in humans, a fetus develops from the end of the 8th week of pregnancy when the major structures have formed, until birth. We hypothesized that maternal factors known to be related to fetal growth, newborn size and body composition are determinants of placental weight and that effects of maternal metabolic factors on placental. To help professionals assess the factors affecting a childs development, they have been grouped into four areas. This page provides some possible factors that could create a highrisk pregnancy situation. View and download powerpoint presentations on what are factor affecting fetal growth and development ppt. Factors affecting prenatal development from the sunnah. The irreversible effects can come in the form of, but are not limited to, brain damage and growth defects mayo clinic staff, 2014. Feb 06, 2014 our data support the hypothesis that maternal factors known to influence fetal growth, birthweight and neonatal body composition also are determinants of placental weight.
Growth factors in fetal growth and development sciencedirect. Specific nutrients and their availability modify the expression of genetically determined metabolic and transfer systems. Environmental influences cont maternal factors drug intake alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome fas 5 in born in the us retarded growth facial and bodily malformations disorders of the central nervous system short attention span, learning disabilities, memory problems slow reaction time. Apr, 2016 factors influencing fetal growth and development 1. Such studies have shown that both maternal and paternal influences are present during fetal development and are passed on to the developing fetus by. Therefore, to know the fetal growth trajectories and to identify the factors. Identification of such a placentalfetal growth factors in humans might aid in the. A baby derives the nourishment for its growth from the mothers blood. Chapter 5prenatal factors affecting development by ryan. Life span development i chapter 9 2 test your knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to define patterns of fetal growth which are seen in various maternal andor fetal diseases or conditions. In this unit, you will learn about child growth and development, factors that influence growth and development and what can be done to promote optimum growth and. Prenatal development is the process that occurs during the 40 weeks prior to the birth of a child. Identification of such a placentalfetal growth factors in humans might aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and.
The defining characteristic of the fetal stage is growth. Several factors will influence her growth and development. The relationship of socioeconomic factors to pregnancy experience and later neuropsychiatric functioning was investigated by a series of retrospective and anterospective epidemiologic studies. Genetics has a fundamental role in fetal life development. Factors that affect fetal development maternal nutrition. Recent investigations suggest that certain factors play an important role in the development of a child during the prenatal period. The differential effect of maternal factors on placental weight by fetal sex was illustrated in the relation between maternal glucose and placental weight. Maternal factors associated with fetal growth and birthweight are. In the previous unit, you learnt about the common health problems of the new born. The course of this prenatal development is divided into three main periods. Genes contain the instructions for growth and development.
However, it has become recognized that fetal lung growth is extraordinarily susceptible to adverse influences 1. Maternal size is a dominant determinant of birth weight. Rubella is the most widespread of the viruses that have a teratogenic effect. Factors influencing fetal growth american academy of. Growth and development characteristics, types, and factors. The following sections will summarize several experiments conducted to develop a better understanding of some of the major factors affecting fetal growth. Debasis patro pg student 1st yr guided by asso prof dr. Lately there has been a most desirable interest in and attention to crucial factors influencing growth which are operative after conception and during pregnancy, during labor, and in the very early stages of the life of the newly born. Amini, phdb burlington, vermont, and cleveland, ohio objective. The brain starts to develop very early, and its foundations and potential for further development are partially laid already at birth. Fetal growth is exponential and during the last 20 weeks of gestation the fetus gains 95% of its weight. Factors affecting development early stimulation studies of the effect of environmental stimulation on an individuals development in either general or specific ability conclude that some specific stimulation should be introduced at an early age while a child is still malleable.
Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of. Factors that influence child growth and development. Here are a few factors affecting childrens growth and development. Factors affecting fetal growth and body composition patrick m. Jun 01, 2001 after completing this article, readers should be able to. Teratogens refers to any disease or viruses, or other environmental agent that can harm a developing embryo or fetus by causing physical deformities, severely retarded growth, blindness, brain damage and even death. In addition, the influence of regional economic development, family location, and medical services, etc. Maternal nutrition concerns about nutrition during pregnancy fall into basic areas, maternal weight gain and nutrient intake maternal weight gain during pregnancy results from variety of factors. The placenta attaches a fetus to a womans uterine wall, bringing maternal blood vessels close to fetal vessels. Some factors have already been determined, while other factors will continue to play a role. Since the placenta cannot filter out extremely small disease carriers, such as viruses, children can be born with malaria, measles, chicken pox, mumps, syphilis, or other venereal diseases that have been transmitted from the mother. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to iugr. Some gene changes make the gene faulty so that the message is not read correctly or is not read at all by the cell.
Jul 31, 2011 factors affecting prenatal development the elaborate details of life begin with a single cell that develops into a full term fetus within approximately 40 weeks, 280 days or 10 lunar months. We hypothesized that maternal factors known to be related to fetal growth, newborn size and body composition are determinants of placental weight and that effects of maternal metabolic factors on placental weight differ between the genders. Growth refers to the increase in mass and size of a body. These environmental factors interact with the intrinsic growth pattern of the fetus, yielding a particular rate and composition of fetal growth. Pdf maternal factors, fetal development and pregnancy outcome. Genetic and environmental influences on fetal growth vary. Golden days deki pem faculty of nursing and public health, khesar gyalpo university of medical sciences of bhutan a d v a n c e d p r a c ti e s i n n u r s i n g issn. Development is the process where a particular organism not only grows physically but acquires mental and physiological growth as well. Environmental effects on prenatal development chapter ii child and adolescent period 72. Essay factors affecting prenatal development 14 words. Aberrant fetal growth is associated with morbidities and mortality during childhood and adult life. Although the fetal genome plays an important role in growth potential in utero, increasing evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment is a major determinant of fetal growth. This article attempts to assess some of the factors which may affect brain development, in either direction, deterioration or improvement.
Describe the effects of fetal glucose, amino acid, and fat supply on fetal growth. This chapter discusses the growth factors involved in fetal growth and development. Factors affecting fetal growth and body composition american. Jul 17, 2019 nature and nurture both contribute to the growth and development of children. It occurs at a faster rate until a plant or animal attains maturity. Factors that impact prenatal development uk essays. Study of factors influencing prenatal brain development. Essay factors affecting prenatal development 14 words cram.
The demands for nutrients vary with each phase of development. The studies demonstrated an increased amount of brain damage in the lower socioeconomic strata, where a higher incidence of complications of pregnancy and a greater. Hormones and growth factors of maternal, fetal, and placental origin regulate nutrient transfer and fetal organ. Likewise, a uniquely american prenatal institution, the baby shower, has also grown in popularity as pregnancy and childbirth have become safer. Explain the role of the placenta in regulating fetal growth. Alcohol if used heavily and frequently, it may cause mental retardation, hyperactivity, and undersized child. Fetal growth is the end product of a variety of genetic, maternal, fetal, and placental factors. The central nervous system damage may include mental retardation. Factors affecting early childhood growth and development. Most babies are born healthy and most hazards can be avoided. Maternal nutrition and fetal development the journal of.
These themes will need to be kept in mind when assessing the factors affecting each childs development. Factors affecting fetal growth and body composition. Since the placenta cannot filter out extremely small disease carriers, such as viruses, children can be born with malaria, measles, chicken pox, mumps, syphilis, or other venereal diseases that have been transmitted from the. As rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes declined in the twentieth century, the. Many different factors can affect the embryo and fetus. There are very few prenatal factors that can harm a developing person. In order to minimize adverse effects of factors influencing fetal growth, it is perhaps more important to understand how and why differences in fetal growth and birth weight occur. Maternal dietary intake, prepregnancy weight and height, length of gestation.
Growth factors are peptides, or proteins that regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation. Several factors can make a pregnancy high risk, including existing health conditions, the mothers age, lifestyle, and health issues that happen before or during pregnancy. Maternal factors known to influence fetal growth, birthweight and neonatal body. Growth factors first bind to their specific cellular receptors. Although whats endowed by nature is constant, nurture tends to make a big difference too. Maternal factors, fetal development and pregnancy outcome 203 reduce fat oxidization, giving rise to phenotypes which combine short legs and small stature with increased adiposity frisancho, 2007. Dec 18, 2018 finally, factors called growth factors also cross from the mothers blood into fetal blood. Important nutrients and other positive factors pass from the mothers blood into the fetal blood, helping support fetal growth and development. Low birth weight is the main determinant of infant mortality, affects the healthy development of the newborn, and determines the differential risk of developing chronic diseases in advanced stages of the life cycle. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the impacts of both maternal and paternal factors, especially socioeconomic status, on their fetal birth weight. Factors influencing embryonic and fetal development. Most of the variation in fetal growth in a population is due to variations in environmental factors, not the fetal genome, although a genetically abnormal fetus clearly might not grow as well as a normal fetus if affected genes include those that are important for growth.
Maternal factors associated with fetal growth and birthweight. Factors influencing fetal growth and birth weight in. Apr 05, 2016 investigation of the role of chromosomes in human fetal growth and development has been mainly devoted to chromosomal abnormality. Although genetic and environmental factors are known to influence in utero growth, their. Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal factors have been suggested to influence fetal growth. Factors affecting growth and development pediatrics youtube. The fetal experience is unique and influenced by parental, placental, and fetal factors. The control of organ growth in quantitative terms is a subject of sufficient complexity to deter most developmental biologists, and particularly physiologists, surgeons and pathologists from too close an enquiry. Factors affecting fetal growth and body composition sciencedirect. Therefore, it is evident that maternal stress is linked to increased fetal activity within the womb. Apr 26, 2019 video on factors affecting growth and development from the chapter normal growth and its disorders in pediatrics pediatrics playlist. Pdf low birth weight is the main determinant of infant mortality, affects the healthy. Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal.
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